每年7月4日是美國(guó)的獨(dú)立日,1776年7月4日,大陸會(huì)議在費(fèi)城正式通過(guò)托馬斯·杰佛遜起草的《獨(dú)立宣言》。以下為美國(guó)獨(dú)立宣言的全文內(nèi)容：

The declaration of independence

In congress, July 4,

1776 the unanimous

Declaration of the

Thirteen united

States of America

when in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for onepeople to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another,and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station towhich the laws nature and nature’s god entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankindrequires that they should declare the causes which impel them to theseparation.

在人類事務(wù)發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,當(dāng)一個(gè)民族必須解除同另一個(gè)民族的聯(lián)系,并按照自然法則和上帝的旨意,以獨(dú)立平等的身份立于世界列國(guó)之林時(shí),出于對(duì)人類輿論的尊重,必須把驅(qū)使他們獨(dú)立的原因予以宣布。

we hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are createdequal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights,that they are among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Thatto secure these rights, governments is instituted among them, deriving theirjust power from the consent of the governed. that whenever any form ofgovernment becomes destructive of these ends, it is the right of the people toalter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundationon such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shallseem most likely to affect their safety and happiness. prudence, indeed, willdictate that governments long established should not be changed for light and transientcauses; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are moredisposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than t right themselves byabolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train ofabuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object evinces design toreduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, tothrow off such government, and to provide new guards for their future security.Such has been the patient sufferance of these colonies; and such is now thenecessity, which constrains them to alter their former systems of government. Thehistory of the present king of great Britain is usurpations, all having indirect object tyranny over these states. To prove this, let facts be submittedto a candid world.

我們認(rèn)為下述真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等,造物主賦予他們?nèi)舾刹豢勺屌c的權(quán)利,其中包括生存權(quán)、自由權(quán)和追求幸福的權(quán)利。為了保障這些權(quán)利,人們才在他們中間建立政府,而政府的正當(dāng)權(quán)利,則是經(jīng)被統(tǒng)治者同意授予的。任何形式的政府一旦對(duì)這些目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)起破壞作用時(shí),人民便有權(quán)予以更換或廢除,以建立一個(gè)新的政府。新政府所依據(jù)的原則和組織其權(quán)利的方式,務(wù)使人民認(rèn)為唯有這樣才有可能使他們獲得安全和幸福。若真要審慎的來(lái)說(shuō),成立多年的政府是不應(yīng)當(dāng)由于無(wú)關(guān)緊要的和一時(shí)的原因而予以更換的。過(guò)去的一切經(jīng)驗(yàn)都說(shuō)明,任何苦難,只要尚能忍受,人類還是情愿忍受,也不想為申冤而廢除他們久已習(xí)慣了的政府形式。然而,當(dāng)始終追求同一目標(biāo)的一系列濫用職權(quán)和強(qiáng)取豪奪的行為表明政府企圖把人民至于專制暴政之下時(shí),人民就有權(quán)也有義務(wù)去推翻這樣的政府,并為其未來(lái)的安全提供新的保障。這就是這些殖民地過(guò)去忍受苦難的經(jīng)過(guò),也是他們現(xiàn)在不得不改變政府制度的原因。當(dāng)今大不列顛王國(guó)的歷史,就是屢屢傷害和掠奪這些殖民地的歷史,其直接目標(biāo)就是要在各州之上建立一個(gè)獨(dú)裁暴政。為了證明上述句句屬實(shí),現(xiàn)將事實(shí)公諸于世,讓公正的世人作出評(píng)判。

He has refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessaryfor the public good.

他拒絕批準(zhǔn)對(duì)公眾利益有益、必需的法律。

He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate andpressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent shouldbe obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend them.

他禁止他的殖民總督批準(zhǔn)刻不容緩、極端重要的法律,要不就先行擱置這些法律直至征得他的同意,而這些法律被擱置以后,他又完全置之不理。

He has refused to pass other laws for the accommodation of largedistricts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right ofrepresentation in the legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidableto tyrants only.

他拒絕批準(zhǔn)便利大地區(qū)人民的其他的法律,除非這些地區(qū)的人民情愿放棄自己在自己在立法機(jī)構(gòu)中的代表權(quán)；而代表權(quán)對(duì)人民是無(wú)比珍貴的,只有暴君才畏懼它。

He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual,uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public records, for thesole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.

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